J. D. Lohn, G. Larchev, and R. F. DeMara, “A Genetic Representation for Evolutionary Fault Recovery in Virtex FPGAs,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2003, ISSN: 0302-9743, pp. 47 – 56.

Abstract:
Most evolutionary approaches to fault recovery in FPGAs
focus on evolving alternative logic configurations as opposed to evolving the intra-cell routing. Since the majority of transistors in a typical FPGA are dedicated to interconnect, nearly 80% according to one estimate, evolutionary fault-recovery systems should benet by accommodating routing. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary fault-recovery system employing a genetic representation that takes into account both logic and routing configurations. Experiments were run using a software model of the Xilinx Virtex FPGA.We report that using four Virtex combinational logic blocks, we were able to evolve a 100% accurate quadrature decoder finite state machine in the presence of a stuck-at-zero fault.