H. Bahr and R. F. DeMara,
"A Concurrent Model Approach to Scaleable Distributed Interactive Simulation," in 
Proceedings of the Fifteenth Workshop on the Interoperability of Distributed Interactive 
Simulation, pp. 215 - 222, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A., September 16- 20, 1996.

Abstract:
One of the primary difficulties in providing the interaction between Real and Virtual 
forces is conveying the large amount of data between the respective players for real-time 
interaction. In this paper the principles underlying dead reckoning are extended to the 
limit, by enhancing the prediction capabilities of the interaction between players. The 
approach uses pairs of full platform models, rather than just sub-element models. This 
minimizes the data transfer required between local and remote parties.
The proposed approach differs from dead reckoning in that the required correction data 
could approach zero, this is accomplished by placing a clone of the opponent platform at 
each location. Thus a high fidelity model is tuned in a closed loop environment to 
customize the simulation behavior to the unique capabilities of each platform. 
Concurrently a clone of this model is tuned open-loop at the remote platform. The focus 
of this paper is to introduce the concept and the components required for implementation. 
The components include Difference Analysis Engine, Adaptive Constructive Model, 
Simulator or Manned Weapons Platform Instrumentation, and the Situation Database.