S. H. Chung, R. F. DeMara, and D. I. Moldovan, "PASS: a parallel speech understanding 
system," in Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE Conference on AI for Applications (CAIA-
93), pp. 136 - 142, Orlando, Florida, U.S.A., March 1 - 5, 1993. 

Abstract: The authors present a parallel computational model for the integration of speech 
and natural language processing. The model adopts a hierarchically-structured knowledge 
base and memory-based parsing techniques. Processing is carried out by passing multiple 
markers in parallel through the knowledge base. Speech-specific problems such as 
insertion, deletion, substitution, and word boundaries have been analyzed and their 
parallel solutions are provided. The complete system has been implemented on a parallel 
machine and is operational. Results show a 80% sentence recognition rate for the air 
traffic control domain. A 10-fold speed-up can be obtained over an identical sequential 
implementation with an increasing speed advantage as the size of the knowledge base 
grows.

Complete Paper Available at:
http://www.cal.ucf.edu/journal/C47_chung_demara_CAIA93.pdf