J. D. Lohn, G. Larchev, and R. F. DeMara, "A Genetic Representation for 
Evolutionary Fault Recovery in Virtex FPGAs," in Proceedings of the Fifth 
International Conference on Evolvable Systems (ICES'03), pp. 47 - 56, Trondheim, 
Norway, March 17 - 20, 2003.

Abstract:
Most evolutionary approaches to fault recovery in FPGAs focus on evolving 
alternative logic configurations as opposed to evolving the intra-cell routing. 
Since the majority of transistors in a typical FPGA are dedicated to 
interconnect, nearly 80% according to one estimate, evolutionary fault-recovery 
systems should bene


t by accommodating routing. In this paper, we propose an evolutionary fault-
recovery system employing a genetic representation that takes into account both 
logic and routing configurations. Experiments were run using a software model of 
the Xilinx Virtex FPGA.We report that using four Virtex combinational logic 
blocks, we were able to evolve a 100% accurate quadrature decoder finite state 
machine in the presence of a stuck-at-zero fault.