K. Zhang, R. F. DeMara, and J. Alghazo, 
"FPGA Self-Repair using an Organic Embedded System Architecture," in
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Dependable Circuits Design (DECIDE'07), 
Buenos Aires, Argentina, December 6-7, 2007.

Abstract:
An Organic Embedded System (OES) architecture is developed
for sustainable performance using SRAM-based Field
Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), an Organic Computing (OC)
observer/controller organization, and regeneration with Genetic
Operators. Innovations include availability during online
regeneration, aging and outlier driven repair assessment, and a
uniform design for Autonomic Elements (AEs) despite the fact
that they monitor different types of Functional Elements (FEs).
Using logic circuits from the MCNC-91 benchmark set,
availability during repair phases averaged 75.05%, 82.21%, and
65.21% for the z4ml, cm85a, and cm138a circuits respectively
under stated conditions. In addition to simulation, the proposed
OES architecture synthesized from HDL was prototyped on
Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA device supporting partial
reconfiguration to demonstrate the feasibility of OC approaches
for intrinsic regeneration of the selected circuit.